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The main concern is effects on the brain from low-level exposure leading to behavioral aberrations and reduced or delayed development of intellectual or motoric ability . Lead exposure has been implicated in hypertension in adults, and this effect may be the most important for the lead burden of disease at a population level .
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The term 'clean coal' is increasingly being used for supercritical coal-fired plants without CCS, on the basis that CO 2 emissions are less than for older plants, but are still much greater than for nuclear or renewables. Some 26% of primary energy needs are met by coal and 37% of electricity is generated from coal, compared with 23% for ...
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Excessive exposure to crystalline silica dusts is associated with silicosis, lung cancer and autoimmune diseases, and the crystalline structure has been traditionally considered as a key determinant of silica pathogenicity. However, not all crystalline silica dusts are pathogenic [ 1, 2 ].
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Some of the poorest people in the world's poorest countries eke out a living in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Equipped with primitive tools like picks, shovels, buckets, and gold pans, they work mining valuable resources, like gold, diamonds, tin, lithium, rare earth elements, tantalum, and cobalt, and any other usable commodity, for example, sand, coal, or mica.
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Scattered literature is harnessed to critically review the possible sources, chemistry, potential biohazards and best available remedial strategies for a number of heavy metals (lead, chromium, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, copper, mercury and nickel) commonly found in contaminated soils. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization, soil washing and phytoremediation techniques ...
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Effect of coal mine dust and clay extracts on the biological activity of the quartz surface. Stone V, Jones R, Rollo K, Duffin R, Donaldson K, Brown DM. Toxicol Lett, 149(1-3):255-259, 01 Apr 2004 Cited by: 9 articles | PMID: 15093271 [Use of adsorption-photocolorimetric method of analysis of quartz in mixtures with silicates]. ...
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Coal mines contribute to airborne materials of coarse aerosol, soil particles, bioaerosol, a sh, aggregates of ultrafine particles (Pokoma et.al 2016). Schwegler (2006) reports that dust
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The concentrations were based on a study of shift-long dust exposure that measured the surface area of the respirable mine dust and the number of respirable particles (i.e., incombustible and acid-insoluble dust particles) per cubic metre in a random sample of 20 South African gold mines (Beadle, 1965, 1971).
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This review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural source adsorbents (clay, bentonite, zeolite, etc.), biosorbents (black gram husk, sugar-beet pectin ...
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With the increasing number of underground engineering construction projects such as coal mining, tunnel, and subway, water inrush disasters occur more and more frequently. Inspired by the phenomenon of microbial mineralization and diagenesis, microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is used to repair cracks in cement-based materials, which provides a new idea to solve the ...
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In studies assessing the toxicity of coal dust, low-rank coals have been observed to contain crystalline silica coated with clays . The clays, and associated soluble extracts, in the coal mine dust are thought to inhibit the cellular reactivity of quartz . Fresh volcanic ash does not contain clay; however, old ash deposits, which may be ...
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Residual coal dust and combustion by-products within the ashes have a genotoxic and mutagenic effect on biota, related to the release of PAHs and heavy metals 5.
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—(1) Regulations 6 to 13 shall have effect with a view to protecting persons against a risk to their health, whether immediate or delayed, arising from exposure to substances hazardous to health except— (a) where and to the extent that the following Regulations apply, namely— (i) the Coal Mines (Respirable Dust) Regulations 1975,
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Pneumoconiosis, aka black lung disease or CWP, is caused when miners breathe in coal dust and carbon, which harden the lungs. Estimates show that 1,200 people in the US still die from black lung disease annually. The situation in developing countries is even worse.
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Jun 15, 2021The extraction procedure was as follows: 0.5 g of each sample was mixed with 20 mL of a 0.11 mol/L solution of CH 3 COOH and shaken overnight. The extract was separated from the soil residue via centrifugation, followed by subsequent decantation of the supernatant for chemical analyses of mobile soil elements.
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Working at a job site where mineral exploration is the goal, I am constantly being exposed to conditions where silicosis should be a worry. I work in "mine country" by Radersburg where the terrain is flat with large hills and steep valleys. It forms the best conditions for silicate-filled dust to blow around and lead to the development of ...
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The incident released more than 3.8 billion L of water containing 4.1 million m3 of coal ash, which is the cremated remains of burning coal. The spill inundated several homes and contaminated the Emory River. The cleanup, which took until 2015 to complete, cost $1.1 billion.
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splashes of the skin/eyes. Other risks of note relate to fatigue, heat, and solar ultraviolet and for some operations tropical diseases, venomous/dangerous animals, and remote locations. Exposures to bauxite dust, alumina dust, and caustic mist in contemporary best-practice bauxite mining and alumina refining operations have not been demonstrated to be associated with clinically significant ...
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Compared to coal and other hardrock mining, the scope of REE mining has always been very small, both in the U.S. and globally. No major REE mining operations have been conducted in the U.S. since 1995. Mining and processing activities have the potential to create a number of environmental risks to human health and the environment.
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Real life sometimes extracts a higher cost for its education than even the most expensive college. ... As a sad matter of fact most commercial charcoal briquets these days are made of compressed coal dust unless labeled 100% hardwood. ... (a byproduct of bituminous coal mining). As a skeptic and grouch I interpret that to be 30% hardwood, 29% ...
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Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron.The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.. Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for ...
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The difference in the toxicity of these two types of dust which is practically not detectable up to 12 months, then increases progressively after that period. In addition, in rats having inhaled either coal or a quartz-coal mixture for 24 months, there appear tumoral lesions, principally of epidermoid type. Citations & impact Impact metrics 1
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Radioactive materials which occur naturally and where human activities increase the exposure of people to ionising radiation are known by the acronym 'NORM'. NORM results from activities such as burning coal, making and using fertilisers, oil and gas production. Uranium mining exposes those involved to NORM in the uranium orebody.
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Firedamp is a mining term for a set of explosive gases found in mines. It's mostly made up of methane and methane is often an interchangeable term when miners talk about firedamp. Methane (CH4) is a colourless, odourless, highly flammable, and highly explosive noxious gas. It occurs naturally in coal seams and shale deposits and is a major ...
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The Clean Air Act and comparable state laws that regulate air emissions affect coal mining operations both directly and indirectly. Direct impacts on coal mining and processing operations include Clean Air Act permitting requirements and emission control requirements relating to particulate matter, which may include controlling fugitive dust.
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—(1) Regulations 6 to 13 shall have effect with a view to protecting persons against a risk to their health, whether immediate or delayed, arising from exposure to substances hazardous to health except— (a) where and to the extent that the following Regulations apply, namely— (i) the Coal Mines (Respirable Dust) Regulations 1975 F21,
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such observations in the northern appalachian region may be explained by recent changes in resource extraction activities that can be influenced by residual brine in the rock, including the underground mining of coal to progressively deeper zones, the development of coal-bed methane, and the development of shale gas reserves in strata below the .
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A mine is defined as an area of land upon or under which minerals or metal ores are extracted from natural deposits in the earth by any methods, including the total area upon which such activities occur. Mining is the process of digging into the earth to extract naturally occurring minerals. It can be categorized as: surface mining,
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Refers to activities conducted to reduce the types and volumes of solid wastes generated, and reduce or remove hazardous components through solid waste incineration and other methods that change the physical, chemical and biological properties of the solid wastes, or placement of solid wastes in a landfill site that meets
Get priceHowever, coal dust is generated in large amounts during mining (Zhang et al. 2018; Tang and Cai 2018 ), transport, storage, and use of coal, which not only causes environmental pollution and harms human health (Wu et al. 2019a, b) but may also pose explosive risks (Wang et al. 2019a, b, c ).
Get priceThe sulfidic tailings are one of the worst environmental impacts to the mining industry and have been considered as the largest environmental liability of the mining industry 65.
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Mine drainage generated during coal and mineral extraction remains an environmental challenge globally. In particular, acid mine drainage (AMD), if not handled properly, can cause serious negative impact on the environment. In 2018, progresses were made in active AMD treatment (physicochemical and biological processes).
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CBM is generated either from a biological process as a result of microbial action or from a thermal process as a result of increasing heat with depth of the coal. Often a coal seam is saturated with water, with methane is held in the coal by water pressure. ... In coal mining areas, recharge occurs within a few years (typically 3 to 4). However ...
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Above about 17°C, however, the seawater CO2 content relative to the air increases fairly rapidly with temperature, at about +4 ppmv per °C. To describe the situation in another way, when the water is cool, it contains less CO2 than the overlying air . but when the water is warm, it has more CO2 than the overlying air.
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The lungs are constantly exposed to danger from the dusts we breathe. Luckily, the lungs have another function - they have defense mechanisms that protects them by removing dust particles from the respiratory system. For example, during a lifetime, a coal miner may inhale 1,000 g of dust into his lungs. When doctors examine the lungs of a miner ...
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The high levels of impurities in processed amorphous material (Fig. 2) may also play a role in its biological reactivity at the surface of the particle, ... Effect of coal mine dust and clay extracts on the biological activity of the quartz surface. Toxicol Lett. 2004;149(1-3):255-9. CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar ...
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This site extracts low-grade iron rock (average Fe content in ore <25%) from an open-pit mine (Jiang et al., 2007). Taconite mining at this operation includes the following processes: rock drilling/blasting, crushing coarse ore, grinding of the grains (1.2-2 cm in diameter), concentrating the iron content, and pelletizing (McDonald et al ...
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Also included are activity reports and surveys on coal dust in mines conducted by the Bureau. These documents disclose the concentration of mine dust, laboratory sample reports, coal dust particle size, air samples, ventilation within the mine, levels of dust exposure within mines, and the bureau's safety recommendations.
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Coal (from the Old English term col, which has meant "mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th century) [1] is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure.
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The most commonly occurring inorganic soil contaminants are trace elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and radionuclides. Despite the natural occurrence of trace elements, hazard to the environment and human health can result if these elements ...
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