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AbstractA proper quality control of the railway track condition and its monitoring since the construction phase are key factors for a long life cycle and for an efficient maintenance policy. ... (GPR) is a fast and effective electromagnetic survey technique that enables the measuring of layers thickness, detection of changes on structure or on ...
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Abstract. Health monitoring of ballast in railway infrastructure is crucial to assure long-term structural stability. An efficient and sustainable management of maintenance operat
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Material properties are defined like structural steel, ballast, concrete. Element model is assigned. Build analysis model. In Processor. Boundary conditions are defined with the application of loads. Define the load characteristics. Control the convergence mode. Input parameters are taken here like pressure, bearing load, rotational velocity etc.
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Time‐frequency approach for ground penetrating radar data analysis to assess railroad ballast condition. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation 19(4), 219-237. ... Electromagnetic properties of railway ballast. NDT & E International 34(5), 305-311. [Google Scholar] CohenR. 2012.
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In the QinghaiTibet railway ballast exploration, the main purpose is to detect frozen disease by - ... permafrost has major impact on the ground properties (French, 1996; Williams and Smith, 1989) [1] [2]. ... 2010a) [10]. In highly (none frozen) conductive media the electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted by the GPR will be absorbed, leading to ...
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The idea with ballasted track is that water is not allowed to accumulate in the ballast if it has good drainage. The idea with unballasted track is that the concrete redirects the water so that the ground immediately below it stays dry, achieving the same result. Share. Improve this answer. answered Nov 13, 2016 at 0:16.
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The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The flexural wave modes of ballastless track are sensitive to the rail axial force. Theoretical results show that the sensitivity of the vertical 1 order pinned-pinned wave mode is 0.10Hz/°C, while the lateral 1 order pinned-pinned wave mode is 0.22Hz/°C.
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How well do adaptable ballasts perform? What is a ballast? In a fluorescent lighting system, the ballast regulates the current to the lamps and provides sufficient voltage to start the lamps. Without a ballast to limit its current, a fluorescent lamp connected directly to a high voltage power source would rapidly and uncontrollably increase its ...
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It was through the electromagnetic properties that the volumetric amount of fines and moisture present within the ballast and the type of subballast material were altered. The ground-penetrating...
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Pavement Infrastructure Engineering - Railways Allows to bear the load from the sleepers, to facilitate drainage of water, and also to prevent vegetation to interfere with the track structure. Granular material made of coarse crushed stone (limestone, basalt, ..) Assessment of railway ballast foundations
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The characteristics of ballast are: 1. The depth of ballast for different type tracks is: For BG: 20-25 cm. For MG: 15-20 cm. For NG: 15 cm. 2. The quantity of stone ballast required for one-meter length of track for different type of tracks is as follow: For BG - 1.036 m 3. For MG - 0.71 m 3. For NG - 0.53 m 3. 3.
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Abstract. This research is focused on energy harvesting from track vibration in order to provide power for the wireless sensors which monitor railroad health. Considering that track vibration has vibration energy, a new method is proposed in the paper to harvest energy based on the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric generator called drum ...
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relative to the electromagnetic (EM) response of railway ballast is a matter of wide discussion within the research community. To this effect, railway structures are complex environments that may affect the collection of clear GPR dataset. Amongst others, rebars in concrete sleepers heavily affect
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@article{osti_6492787, title = {Track design and construction}, author = {Raymond, G P and Weinstock, H and Lee, H S and Greif, R and Scott, J F}, abstractNote = {The 8 papers in the report deal with the following areas: research railroad ballast specification and evaluation; a proposed track performance index for control of freight car harmonic roll response; granular depth requirement for ...
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and railway research. Rail research at the University of Pretoria by Prof Hannes Gräbe radar (GPR). A GPR antenna transmits a short electromagnetic pulse of radio frequency through the track structure and measures the dielectric constant, the magnetic susceptibility and the electrical conductivity of the medium under consideration.
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There are a number of potential sources of RCS within the railway industry. The obvious is works involving ballast, particularly when new ballast is being dropped on site for track works. The fine dusts that are present within the ballast will become airborne when the ballast is dropped from rail wagons, or when moving the ballast using mobile ...
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Effective maintenance of railways requires a comprehensive assessment of the actual condition of the construction materials involved. In this regard, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) stands as a viable alternative to the invasive and time-consuming traditional techniques for the inspection of these infrastructures. This work reports the experimental activities carried out on a test-site area ...
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The Research of Railway Line State Detection Signal Processing Method Based on EMD Wen-Fa Zhu, Hui-Zhen Ma, Xiao-Dong Chai, Shu-Bin Zhen Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology Vol.5 No.2,June 24, 2015
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Railway track substructure maintenance management is the process of utilizing railroad resources to maintain and upgrade the track substructure. The process begins with a measure of the track condition to evaluate the substructure performance, determine locations along the track that require maintenance, and identify appropriate solutions. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been proposed as a ...
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The Railways have also commissioned a study from the Centre of Electro-Chemical Research Institute on rail corrosiondue to micro-organisms and remedial measures. The report said complete mechanization of track maintenance and construction was planned, pointing out that the increase in speed, axle loads and volume of traffic required superior ...
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Railroad ballast plays an important role in supporting heavy rail load-ing, preventing track deformation, and providing water drainage from the track structure. However, over time, the ballast is fouled by the breakdown of ballast or the infiltration of fines, which under-mines the ballast functions and which may result in damage to the rail ...
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A GPR-based simulation approach for the analysis of railway ballast. by Andreas Loizos. This study aims at proposing a model capable to assess the physical conditions of railway ballast, in terms of percentage of fouling within the material, by analyzing its electromagnetic response.
Get priceNevertheless, the application of GPR to assess the ballast condition is a challenging task because the material electromagnetic properties are sensitive to both the ballast grading and water content.
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Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 1474 In asphalt pavements, if two layers of HMA are well bonded, the only detectable effect in the GPR signal would be caused by the difference in dielectric properties between the two layers. Amplitude of such an echo is normally low as asphalt materials constituting the bond layers are very similar (coming from the same asphalt plant that uses the same bitumen and ...
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Difficulty. Technical difficulty (2): As a former railbed, the grades are low, the curves are gentle, and the trailbed is wide. As such, the only technical challenges are presented by the surface, which varies. There are some short sections of deep sand (primarily along Grand Lake near Howley), long sections of loose railway ballast that are rutted by ATVs and crowded by alders, and some bumpy ...
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The mainline railway track between Dublin and Belfast was constructed during the 1850s, with substantial lengths of railway embankment constructed over soft, peaty soils. ... this includes a strong reflection from the base of the ballast layer, as the electromagnetic radar waves travel easily through clean ballast and give a strong reflection ...
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Sep 01, 2015 · Laboratory research aimed at characterising the electromagnetic properties has enabled researchers worldwide to determine ballast thickness using impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) - based upon derived values of the relative Read More A simulation-based approach for railway applications using ...
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Electromagnetic properties of railway ballast. M. Clark, R. Gillespie, T. Kemp, D. Mccann, M. Forde; Physics. 2001; 68. View 1 excerpt, references background ... Machines are being modified and working methods changed to reflect the latest research into British Rail's ballast cleaning process. Refinements can reduce the volume of stone used and ...
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5.00%. 1 Jul 2014. Rail vehicle moving and placing assets (including crabs, shunting locomotives and trackmobiles) 10 years. 20.00%. 10.00%. 1 Jul 2014. Railway tracks - see Table A Rail freight and passenger transport services (47100 to 47200) Refrigerant recovery assets.
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Rail Transportation Division ISBN: 978--7918-8358-7 ... Discrete Element Modeling of Railway Ballast for Studying Railroad Tamping Operation. Nilesh Dama, Mehdi Ahmadian. ... Research on Dynamics Performance of Two Grouped Virtual Track Train Based on Magic Formula Tire Model.
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Railway ballast is an important component of the railroad substructure, providing resistance to forces, distribution of loads to reduce stress on the subgrade, and drainage of water away from the track. ... Triaxial testing has been used extensively in past research [2,3,4,5,6] to determine strength properties and strain behavior, which is ...
Get priceAbstract. This paper reports on the ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-based assessment of railway ballast which was progressively "polluted" with a fine-grained silty soil material.
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Laboratory research aimed at characterising the electromagnetic properties has enabled researchers worldwide to determine ballast thickness using impulse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) - based upon derived values of the relative electrical permittivity or dielectric constant. ... Analysis of electromagnetic properties of railway ballast (Clark ...
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ingly used in railway applications as a powerful non-destructive technique for the efficient monitoring of the conditions of railway track beds (Hugenschmidt 2000). Many research activities have focused on the assessment of ballast conditions over the last years, in both laboratory (Roberts et al. 2006, Al-Qadi et
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Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. ... and Selig, E. T. Development of Material Properties for Railway Application of Ground Penetrating Radar. Proc., SPIE Ninth International ... and Tinjum, J. M. Detection of Fouling in Ballast by Electromagnetic Surveying. Proc., Annual Conference and Exposition, American Railway ...
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The underground tracks through this area include about 7,500 feet (3,800 feet in each tunnel) of highly-specialized rail infrastructure resting on what's called a "floating slab." The tunnels pass under campus research buildings that are extremely sensitive to physical and electromagnetic vibrations.
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2.5 Ballast: Crushed stones with desired specifications placed directly below the sleepers. 2.6 Sub-ballast: Sub-ballast is a layer of coarse-grained material provided between blanket/subgrade (where blanket is not provided) and ballast confined to width of ballast section only. However, sub-ballast is not in vogue on Indian Railways.
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determining the base of the important coarse-grained ballast layer. The open voids in clean ballast result in diffraction of the GPR pulse at the particle interfaces, which allows the ballast to be distinguished from the finer-grained sub-ballast layers (Hyslip et al. 2003). If the ballast layer has been fouled by the addition
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During the service life of railway tracks, particle breakage, surface intrusion, and infiltration of fines from subgrade caused by traffic loading Increase the amount of fines in ballast, known as 'fouling'. ... A Survey of Elastic and Electromagnetic Properties of Near-Surface Soils more. by Dante Fratta. Publisher: ...
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Evaluating the correlation between the geotechnical index and the electromagnetic properties of fouled ballasted track by a full-scale laboratory model. HF Kashani, CL Ho, WP Clement, CP Oden. Transportation Research Record 2545 (1), 66-78, 2016. 11: 2016: Effects of natural abrasion on railroad ballast strength and deformation properties ...
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